Macular Degeneration

The retina ( back of the eye) is made up of light sensitive cells that allow us to see not just what is directly in front of us, but also to the side

(peripheral vision)

The images directly in front of us, are most important and are improved by placing a high density of cells in one area of the retina, called the macular.

Macular disease is most common in people over 55 years of age, which is why it is often referred to as ' age related'. It can however also be caused by diabetes, and there is evidence showing that high blood pressure, smoking, genetics, poor diet and strong sun light also play a part in its development.

There are are two types of AMD (age related macular degeneration). These are called ' wet' and 'dry'. Neither relate to how the eye actually feels, they are simply terms that differentiate the two types.

Wet AMD is caused by leaking blood vessels or small bleeds under the retina which cause the macular to lift and hence vision becomes distorted. If caught early wet AMD can sometimes be treated. The onset is quite rapid and this type of macular degeneration accounts for approximately 10% of AMD.

Dry macular degeneration accounts for approximately 80% of cases and the onset is slow ( it can go unnoticed until central vision is affected). The cells responsible for ' acute' vision in the macular literally wear out leading to poor colour definition, faded distorted images and finally loss of central vision in some individuals.

  Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

Simulated pictures of how AMD can affect vision. Without central vision, it can be difficult if not impossible to recognise faces, see to read, watch television, or drive.

The grid on the right is known as the Amstel Grid and is a recognised test for early AMD. The lines are straight, but may appear wavy or distorted to those with AMD, like the image below.

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